Prof. Schulten - In Search of the Atlantis
In search of the Atlantis
During fifty years of his life, professor Schulten carried out historical and archaeological investigations in the Iberian Peninsula, since it was in this place where he understood that the extremity of the great devoured island had to be located. Schulten, who thought that the Iberian Peninsula was a rest of the submerged continent, identified to the kingdom of Tartesos with the Atlantis. The origins of Tartesos are dark and they would go back to the megalítical culture. The kingdom of Tartesos is mentioned in a vague way in the classic sources and during long time it has been in doubt the historicity of this kingdom, but today it seems not to have doubts of its existence. Its geographic extension included the south of Spain and Portugal, from Alicante, in the E., to to opening of the Tajo (the present Lisboa), in the West. Schulten did not find the Atlantis, but did he a disappeared Iberian city: Numancia, described in its time by Cornelio Escipión (133 b. C.). The excavations were continued from 1905 to 1908. In the same way, the German great wise located the main city of the Atlantis, Tartesos, in present Andalusia, the zone of the opening of Guadalquivir river. In the antiquity, this city had the reputation of being fabulously rich. The countryside that surrounds it was described by Posidonio, that makes of it a very detailed painting : rich cultures, an incredibly numerous population and activates would be the characteristic of this country, rich also in metals of all classes, gold, silver, copper and tin. If credit to Rufus Fistus Avenius is granted, who reedited towards year 400 b. C. a treaty of Old Geography, Tartesos would have had the more evolved civilization of the old West, towards year 500 before C., when it would be destroyed by the Carthaginians. Would it be a rest that would have escaped to the destruction of the Atlantis? An atlantis colony perhaps. A categorical affirmation would be dangerous. Perhaps the excavations made near Seville, in the famous bed of the opening of the Guadaquivir, will revive the missing city that the Schulten German considers the city legendary of the atlantis kings...
Huelva 650 BC.
In Spain we have personalities like mosén Verdaguer Jacinth, that narrated the divine catastrophe, executed by Hercules, who untied before the degeneration of the Hispanic atlantes. Loving of pagan Greek myths and knowledges, Verdaguer had been noticed of theories that arose on about the existence of the lost continent towards the date of publication of their poem (1877) . According to its text, the existence of the Atlantis originated, tras its collapse, the Greek islands and the Canary Islands. Although hardly can be given its poem ,the Atlantis, an exclusively esoteric or scientific interpretation. Verdaguer, whose illuminated life of has hidden dyes, knew what the excavations in the Mediterranean coasts were discovering with respect to Tartesos, culture that has been related or, in its case, identified, so and as we said above, with the Atlantis.
Who did not ignore to this relation was Mario Roso of Moon, that dedicated to the problem his VI volume of the Library of the Wonders (1924). According to this teósofist and astronomer, the Atlantis of Verdaguer was inspired by the teosófica mystic of H. P. Blavatsky. With a logical nationalistic overtone added that considers Spain -and specially of the Canary Islands and the South- one of the main atlantis legacies and center of the greatness of the missing continent. Also the poet and teósophist Fernando Villalón explains in his mystical poem the Toriada, the following thing: "fatuous and wild Bulls of Atlantis". And that´s why, for the poet of the 27, Tartesos was, like also for Roso, "the last center of the atlantis civilization". Although they are always the Canary Islands the center of attention of the theories Hispanic-atlantics, the investigator Louis Charpentier says in "the Basque mystery" that guanches, Basoues and caledonians have the same atlantis root.
According to some investigators and archaeologists like Georgeos Diaz, in Spain we can find what they would be very significant rest of that atlantis past. These archaeologists affirm that diverse old constructions of Spain would not have the origin that official history tries, and indicate, like specially outstanding constructions: the Aqueduct of Segovia, the Arc of Medinaceli (Soria), the Bulls of Stewing (Ávila), the walls of Carmona and rests of constructions in diverse parts, like in the coasts of Cadiz. As much in the Aqueduct of Segovia like in the Arc of Medinaceli, the junctions of stones of these monuments, have gotten to assemble themselves of such form with the passage of time that allow to date their antiquity in several thousands from years before the arrival from the Romans to Spain, although official science insists on attributing to these its responsibility. In these buildings, the different rock blocks that compose them have gotten to assemble themselves totally, losing the original line or junction, due to the natural effect of the "meteorisation" and the "diagénesis", that is to say, the set of physical, chemical and biological changes by means of which the sediments are transformed into sedimentarias rocks with the passage of time. So for a eruptive rock as the granite to be compacted and crystallized of natural form would have to pass much more time that the 2000 years that they attribute to them. According to these experts, the time necessary to cause this phenomenon would be approximately of 11,000 years, peculiarly when the Atlantis disappeared. According to the medieval historical traditions, Híspalis, one of the children of Hercules, were the constructor of the aqueduct of Segovia. On the other hand, the only argument in favor of its Roman responsibility is the stylistic similarity with other aqueducts, which does not serve to invalidate the possibility that the Romans, in fact, copied the models of aqueducts, that were raised hardly 200 years after the arrival from the Empire to the Peninsula. In fact, the archaeologists have hardly found a few objects of Roman origin to be able to demonstrate that the Romans passed trough that way, that is to say, Segovia was not so important as to be raised an aqueduct of such dimensions and perfect work . If the Romans had really raised in a place hardly populated such aqueduct, that would have broken with all the logic that marks the well-known history of them. And it is that, in addition, Plato speaks to us in the Critias of "the aqueducts on the canalized bridges", talking about the constructions of the atlantis centuries before to the Romans, supposed inventors of that revolutionary means of canalization, erected his aqueducts. As much in the Aqueduct of Segovia, like in the walls of Carmona and the Arc of Medinaceli, have been inscriptions composed by tartésic or atlantis letters.
Official science has established its historical dogma, ,according to which, the history and the civilization begin in a point of the history that they themselves indicate, according to its interest, and it could not never admit that a previous and or a forgotten civilization had existed, being it able to erect monumental constructions as the Aqueduct of Segovia or other so many. Simply, they have atributed it a comfortable author (romans) that complies to his theory of history.
Plato whom he tries to be in possession of this tradition of Solón, relates in these terms the history of the missing continent:
"the Atlantic one was then navigable and in front of the Straits that you call Columns of Hercules it was an island greater than Libya and Asia. From this island it was possible to pass easily to other islands, and from these to the continent that surrounds the inner sea. Then what it is of that side of the Straits it seems to a port that has a narrow entrance, but, in fact, there is a true sea there, and the Earth that surrounds to him is a true continent. In this island, Atlantis, reigned monarchs of great and a wonderful power; they had under its dominion the whole island, like many other islands and some parts of the continent. In addition, of this side of the Straits they also reigned on Libya until Egypt, and in Europe until Tirrenia."
Guadalquivir river.
The masterpiece of jewelry of Tartessos is the treasure of the Alder grove, in Cáceres. In the image a gold pendant, perhaps the most beautiful piece of all. The pieces that compose this treasure were found in 1920 and it is considered that it was made by tartésics goldsmiths in the VI century BC. The treasure of the Alder grove is one of most valuable of the world by its artísitic perfection..
Herodoto, on the other hand, describes to Tartesos like ""a people that lived in the center of the lake called Oleum ruled by the king Argantonios (King of the silver)". On the other hand Greek and Romans define to the tartesos like inhabitants of a remote region in Betis river whose capital is located in a great island in the center of a lake in the opening of the river. The name of Tartessos, applied to the country, seemed to come from the main river that crossed it, the same one that the Romans called Oleum flumen (river of the oil) and later Betis, and that now is known with the Arab name of Guadalquivir (Grande river).
Tartesos was a kingdom that existed during the 1200 BC to the 500 BC, in which moment this mythical kingdom sinks, after the death of its king Argentonios, when succumbing to the Punic invasions ,having lost before the fleet and the allies in a previous confrontation with the alliance Etruscan-Carthaginian. Its capital, called Tharsis , were located in an island formed by the arms of the river mouth, Its main wealth consisted of the cattle ranch and agriculture: oxen as far as first, and olive tree and grapevine used, with cereals, with respect to second. Also they would operate gold mines, silver and tin and knew with complete certainty the work the bronze, and perhaps they had spyings of the metallurgy of the iron brought by the Greeks. Two appointments of the Bible speak eloquently of their abundance in metals : " the king (Salomón) had in the sea a fleet of ships of Tharshis, with the fleet of Hiran. Once every three years it came the fleet from Tharshis and it brought gold and silver" (I Kings 10.22) and in another place "Because the day of the Lord of the armies will appear for all magnificent and the arrogant ones, for all the haughty ones; and they will be humiliated... And for all the ships of Tharshis and everything what is beautiful at sight" (Isaiah, 2, 12, 16) Tharshis usually is identified with Tartessos, with which it would calrify that, together, both fleets of Salomón and the king of Shot, Hiram, were going look for coveted gold, with the silver and tin clear to the country of Tartessos. In addition, the own tartesians would have their corresponding square with which they would go to look for tin, that it was scarce in the country, to the Islands Castérides (or Tin islands ), maintaining active relations of commerce with other towns as it could be deduced of the legendary trip of king Norax. This kingdom of Tartesos dealt with Phoenicians and founded cities under its protectorate on hélade Greek such as Mainake.
According to Estrabón, the tartesians also constructed engineer installations to regulate and to take advantage of the volume the Guadalquivir; also it assures that they existed inthe borders of the river a great number of rich and flourishing cities.
The society was divided in several social classes: free princes, priests, retailers, men (farmers, craftsmen, retailers, sailors) and slaves. Its religion had of being politeíst and astral what it is deduced of cults dedicated to the Moon and Venus. Also it is possible that they felt the Punic and Greek influence of rendering cultured Gods like Melkart and Heracles. It did not lack a God of the war, known with the céltic name Net (hero or soldier). Numerous Sierra Morena sanctuaries range seem to have an tartesian origin, and in them have been founded abundant bronze votive offerings that could well be an ancestral memory of the cult it were had in those places. Are they remarkable the news transmitted by the Greek writer Posidonio whom it affirms that the tartesians were hospitable and liberal, active, generous and of cheerfull genius, which connects quite well with the character of the present Andalusians of the coast.
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1-tartéssian alphabet 2-rúnic alphabet 3-rétic alphabet 4-lepóntic alphabet 5-nord-Etruscan alphabet
Other documents of old times defines to this town like descendants or survivors of the Atlantis, the certain thing is that it was an organized affluent state and a refined cultural and politicaly advanced society. Its language was not Indo-European although are him affinities with the iberian and the cretense and this becoming related with the rúnic, rétic, lepóntic, and nord-Etruscan, from which it has been gotten to suggest the possibility that the western origins of the Etruscan people (whose origins are not eastern altought many "investigators" ignore it" ) were indeed in Tartessos.
Fresh Greek that it describes to the inhabitants Tartessos, we can appreciate they were a nordic type people.
There are multiple history investigators that consider the possibility that they were the old tartesos the Atlantids ones, if in the rotten text of Plato we understand "Guadalquivir" instead "Atlantic" and we understand rich or culturaly advanced instead of "great" we can considerate that it was in the main island of the old lake of ligustinus, in the opening of guadalquivir river, where would have its capital the old kingdom of Tartessos.
Next, I include the news of the 11/6/2004:
Source:EFE
Recent satelite photographies of the zone agree with descriptions of Plato of the lost city.
According to informs the British BBC, several photographies done by satellite of the zone, well-known today like the salt marsh of Hinojos, reveal structures that agree with the descriptions carried out by the Greek philosopher Plato.
One of the members of the team of scientists, Rainer Kuehne, explains that the word "island" that used Plato to talk about to the Atlantis could be in fact one section of coast that was submerged between 800 and 500 AC by a great flood.
Between the photos of the salt marsh, they so emphasize two rectangular structures and the rest of several concentric ring that would have surrounded them, and as it indicated the Greek philosopher.
"Plato spoke of an island of 925 meters of diameter that was surrounded by several circular structures, concentric ring, some of earth and others of water", Kuehne explained.
The rectangular structures, added, could be the ruins of a "temple of silver" dedicated to the God of the sea, Poseidón, and a "gold temple" in honor of Poseidón and Cleito, that also appear in the dialogues of Plato.
However, the scientists have observed that the size of the "island" and its ring are something greater than the described ones by the Greek philosopher, although they have two explanations to the matter.
One is that Plato, simply, calculated bad and underestimated the real size of the Atlantis. Another one is that the old Greek unit of measurement was, in fact, a 20% greater of which it was believed at that time. If this one last explanation is certain, one of the rectangles of the "island" exactly has the same dimensions that the Temple of Poseidón of which it speaks Plato.
The theory that locates to the Atlantis in Spain is not new. The specialist Werner Wickboldt was first in discovering those structures after raking at great length with the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.
Also Wickboldt thinks that the Greeks confused the Egyptian word for coast and they translated like island when transmitting history to the following generations.
These conclusions, that they have become public in the electronic magazine "Journal Antiquity", are part of an ample investigation still in course, according to noticed the BBC today.
Recent discoveries carried out by reputed scientists make agree the description of the island of the Atlantis that Plato does in its dialogues-Critón- and -Timeo- , with the salt mines of the Salt marsh of Hinojos, it lines up buried under waters towards VII or VIII b.C. century and that, as it is known, remained flooded until the average age. Two rectangular structures visible for the satellites agree with the measures and dispositions of the supposed temples, silver for Poseidón, and gold, for Cleito and Poseidón. Part of the enormous concentric circles, that would surround both constructions according to the classic description, also appears visible in the takings. This line of investigation makes relate to the Atlantis to Tartessos, whose neuralgic city has not been discovered even.
But the advanced culture, the commerce, the mining and the metallurgical techniques of Tartessos have their precedent in the culture of the Argar (1800 BC - 1200 BC) preceded by the one of Los Millares(3000 BC - 1800 BC), both located in present Almeria and pertaining to the call "people of the campaniforme glass". (campaniforme = bell shape)
GGeneral View of Los Millares.
One of the more important archaeological deposits of European prehistory. Almost 5,000 years of history. A city that got to lodge more than 1,000 people A complex defensive system made up of 15 bunkers and 4 linen cloths of wall. With one necrópolis of more than 100 tombs of false cupola ("Tholoi"), for collective interments. Careful and solid constructive technique in the constructions and tombs Great delicacy and symbolism in the ceramic elaboration. At last, a culture with very developed beliefs and technical knowledge , that got to use the metallurgy of copper in the manufacture of some arms and tools.
The town of "Los Millares" is located in Santa Fé de Mondujar, Almeria, its population was over the thousand of inhabitants and their extension, the complexity of his defensive systems and the evolved of its necrópolis and funeral rites do not have comparison in the Europe of their time, this culture was in addition the pioneer of the copper metallurgy in the west.
Pictures from Los Millares.
During many years it has dominated in Prehistory the difusionist theory, that it served to explain the appearance of a same phenomenon in different geographic contexts by colonization or contacts with the considered the creative ones of the phenomenon. Thus, according to this classic thesis, the origin of the metallurgical culture of the Milllares, like the one of Vila Nova of San Pedro (Portugal), tied to the arrival of colons arrived from the Aegean Sea. This hypothesis, cradle in the similarity with the tombs of false cupola (tholoi) and some Greek fortifications, supposed to reduce the chronologies of the peninsular cultures to the 2,300 to b.C.
""Tholoi" or "Tholos", also called "corridor tombs" or " artificial caves", in fact (as it is seen next) old pyramids, exists more of a hundred in "Los Millares".
Lately, diverse investigators based in the datings contributed by Carbon 14, have demonstrated that "Los Millares" existed in very previous date; for wich reason the appearance of the metallurgy in this zone would have a local explanation thanks to the existence and development of a previous culture, (The Culture of Almeria), about 3,000 years b.C. (approx), from 3000 b.C. detects in Portugal and Andalusia the appearance of new types of tombs, "artificial caves" and "tholoi" (later we will verify that the last investigations speak to us of a much greater antiquity, 4000 b.C, of the oldest rest). The historians have treated during long time to attribute the origin of these innovations to influences of Near East, via Aegean. Nevertheless, the datings are very insistently earlier for these types of funeral constructions in the Iberian Peninsula that in the Aegean. It is very probable therefore that the "artificial caves" are of iberian native origin, existing still serious doubts with respect to "tholoi", of the Eastern tradition.
It is indeed the enormous amount of "tholois" present in Greece and Crete the one that made suppose many investigators who were original colons of the east those that they iniciated the call "culture of Almeria", although the last datings with more modern methods have demonstrated a much greater antiquity for the Andalusian "tholoi" (that date from before the 3000 b.C.), which demonstrates that the diffusion of this type of constructions or culture fué were, from Andalusia towards the Aegean where they appear these constructions between the 2400 b.C. and the 2000 b.C., reason why we can deduce that they were old Andalusian emigrants (or Atlantids ones) those that they colonized Greece and Crete. We do not forget in addition that several students do emphasize the similarities between the tartésian language and the cretense one and even arose the possibility of an intimate proximity or kinship between both preIndo-European languages. Therefore we found in addition to the "tholois" more than a possible linguistic nexus that it would demonstrate that a western people colonized and civilized the cícladic islands in those remote times.
Old Indians legends tell:
"In the distant night of prehistory arrived at the coasts of the New World white men with long beards, which became united to the Indians and they taught science to them, the technique and the wise laws of their outpost civilization...", "... and those that they arrived by the sea turned tehmselves the white Gods of those empires." In all the cultured towns of the New World subsists still the legend of the white God. The Incas called to him Kon Tiki Illac Viracocha; the Mayans, Kukulkán; the toltecas and the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl. Between the Chibchas it was Bochica, "the white mantle of the light". According to the old legend, the white man arrived a good day that inculcated to all the Mayan people the laws and the writing and all venerated him like a God. Those white Gods, according to myths, arrived from the East in the most remote antiquity, in strange and enormous ships from which descended blond foreign men of white skin and blue eyes.
In the Mayan writings they appear with enough frequency those signs saved of burns and reunited it by the bishop Diego de Landa, who said that they represented the days and the months: The signs of the De Landa Bishop.
Ver fichero adjunto 1.
In many cases the agreement between the Mayan writing with the archaic linear "a" cretense writting (also called proto-linear) is so great, until in the minimum details, than we can affirm that the Mayan writing is the old cretense writing.
Ver fichero adjunto 2.
It would be of great importance to be able to demonstrate the identity of the phonetic value of both series of signs. But science shuts up here. If, on the one hand we know enough good the sounds that correspond to cretense linear "B" writing , nothing we know of the linear "a" one, older. The same we say of the Mayan glifos (more on the subject in http://www.labherm.filol.csic.es/Sa... as/GTrabazo.htm) Is nevertheless worthy of mention, that in the few cases that know the acoustic values the cretenses symbols and those of the Mayans (for example: p explosive and the t = ta), such values agrees. We can then affirm, that the white God of the Mayan people, that also taught to them all the technical accomplishments, the culture and the writing, that white God, the old Kukulcán, wrote in cretense. The older known texts in linear "a" cretense writing date from the 1850 b.C., although the certain thing is that the linear "a" writing to derived from another old one cretense hieroglyphic writing called by the specialists proto-linear or archaic linear "a" reason why or we could be ventured to even imagine to Kukulkán arriving at the américas on the 2300 b.C. or before. Indeed the older architectonic monumental set of America located in Peru in the place called today "the Paraiso " dates from those years also ", is of this zone, near Tiahuanaco of where it has settled down, by means of a process of analysis and comparison of the style and system in the stature of stones and sculptures, that we´ll find the place of the original culture that was the root of the old civilizations of the ámerica´s peoples.
"the Paraiso" the datings done with carbon 14 throw dates between the 2273 b.C. and 1908 b.C.
Could then be Atlantids those cretenses travellers who colonized America introducing the civilization and initiating the construction of colossal pyramids, by the 2000 b.C.?
The incredible secret of "tholoi":
Although "Los Millares" necrópolis is really impressive, the certain thing is that we have not yet discovered its secrets, the certain thing is that all the "Los Millares" culture sources come from another previous and still much more enigmatic culture that left their archaeological testimonies in the findings of the Cave of the Romeral and the "artificial" Cave of Menga. The old "caves" or "corridor tombs", the most impressive megaliths of the peninsula, with their corridor and his camera and constructed with great stones, belong to the older constructive tradition of the West.
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Re: The Atlantis.
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