Cephalic Index and Facial Index
Cephalic Index

The cephalic index (C.I.) formula is:
Cephalic index C.I. = [Head width (eu-eu) x 100]/ Head length (g-op)
It is therefore the ratio of the width (or breadth) of the head to its length.
Head length is the distance between glabella (g) and opisthocranion (op), i.e. (g-op). Glabella is "the most prominent point in the median sagittal plane between the supraorbital ridges". Opisthocranion (op) is the most prominent posterior point on the occiput:
Head length (g-op) therefore measures the maximal head depth or length when the head is viewed either from above or from one side, but it is impossible to have an idea of it from one's face photograph. On the other hand, a profile picture can show if a head is long or short.
Head width (or breadth) is measured from euryon (eu) on one side of head to euryon (eu) on the other side. This distance (eu-eu) measures the greatest transverse diameter or maximal head width.
Expressed as a percentile number C.I. provides the simplest description of the geometric relation of two dimensions. The index is obtained by dividing the maximum width of the head by its maximum length and multiplying by 100. In anthropometry, the cephalic index has been the favored measurement.
A cephalic index of 80 or more is called brachycephalic or broad; a measurement between 75 and 80 is mesocephalic; below 75 is considered dolichocephalic or long. The cranial index is the same ratio taken on a skull. Dolichocephals are thus "relatively" long or narrow-headed while brachycephals are "relatively" short or large headed. Skulls are further divided into further low or chamaecephalic (up to 70.0), medium or orthocephalic (70.1 to 75.0), and high or hypsicephalic (over 75.0). The following designations were added to those already in use: ultradolichocephalic (55.0 to 59.9), hyperdolichocephalic (60.0 to 64.9), hyperbrachycephalic (85.0 to 89.9) and ultrabrachycephalic (90.0 to 94.9).
Code:
Cephalic Index -- Skull Shape
55.0 to 59.9 -- ultradolichocephalic
60.0 to 64.9 -- hyperdolichocephalic
up to 70.0 -- chamaecephalic
up to 74.9 -- dolichocephalic
70.1 to 75.0 -- orthocephalic
over 75.0 -- hypsicephalic
75.0 to 79.9 -- mesocephalic
over 80.0 -- brachycephalic
85.0 to 89.9 -- hyperbrachycephalic
90.0 to 94.9 -- ultrabrachyhcephalic
The Main European Head Types

Below are maps showing the C.I. distribution within European populations:
Map 1 (William C. Boyd and Isaac Asimov)
Map 2:Western Europe (Carleton S. Coon)
Map 3:Eastern Europe (Carleton S. Coon)

More specifically in Scandinavia:
Cephalic Index Distribution in Scandinavia (Bertil Lundman)
Facial Index

The facial index (F.I.) formula is:
F.I. = [total face height (n-gn) * 100] / bizygomatic (zy-zy)
It is the ratio of the height (or length) of the face to its breadth (or width).
Total face height is the distance between nasion (n) and gnathion (gn), i.e. (n-gn). Nasion (n) is the midpoint of the nasofrontal suture. Gnathion (gn) is in the midline, the lowest point on the lower border of the chin. Bizygomatic (zy-zy) is the face breadth (or width).
Total face height (n-gn) is a measurement of the A15 distance on the picture below:
F.I. is more intuitive than C.I.
Physical anthropologists describe faces as either euryprosopic (short and wide) or leptoprosopic (tall and narrow).
A facial index (on the living) of 88.0 to 92.9 is called leptoprosopic (long- or narrow-faced, or both); a measurement between 84.0 to 87.9 is mesoprosopic (moderate in face form); below 83.9 is considered euryprosopic (short- or broad-faced, or both). An individual who possesses a facial index of 93.0 or over, and is thus extremely long or narrow-faced (or both) is referred to as hyperleptoprosopic.
Code:
Facial Index -- Facial Morphology
below 83.9 -- euryprosopic
84.0 to 87.9 -- mesoprosopic
88.0 to 92.9 -- leptoprosopic
93.0 or over -- hyperleptoprosopic
Relations between Head and Face Morphology
The dolichocephalic headform sets up a developing face that becomes narrow, long and protrusive. This facial type is termed leptoprosopic. This is the case with Hallstatt Nordic type that is found in its greatest concentration on the Swedish plain and in the long valleys and lowlands of southeastern Norway.
The brachycephalic headform establishes a face that is more broad, but somewhat less protrusive. This facial type is called euryprosopic. Within European populations, the Alpine, Borreby types exemplify this tendency.
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