BLOOD GROUPS AND ANTHROPOLOGY
FROM RACES AND PEOPLE
BY WILLIAM C. BOYD PH.D. and ISAAC ASIMOV PH.D.
Abelard-Schumann, New York
Now we can summarize our six genetic races: *
1. Australian (Aboriginal): low B or none, low M, no A2
2. American (Indian): low B or none, low N, no A2
3. Asian: High B, high Rhz, no A2
4. African: High B, high Rho, some rh (negative), high A2
5. European: moderately high rh (negative), moderate B, moderate A2
6. Early European: very high rh (negative), no B
The genes for O and A are so widespread among all groups of people that they are nearly useless in racial classification.
The six races (plus a seventh race which is less clear-cut) divide the world in an interesting manner. We can follow immigration waves that we could not follow if we used skin color or some other obvious physical characteristic. For instance, a group of immigrants high in A must have entered western Japan from Korea in the not distant past and spread eastward. That would account for the variation of frequency in the A gene in different parts of Japan.
As we learn more about the blood-group genes, and about other genes, too, and as we test more and more people all over the earth, we can expect to be able to trace man's evolution more exactly and to learn the stages by which he has populated the world.
"Blood typing as a method not to determine race but to trace the different overall "types" of humanity and show how they have moved back-and-forth across the world."John H. Jenkins
The most troublesome peoples to pin down are those that live in Europe. Here a problem arises in the Rh blood-group series.
In order to explain the problem, let's just say a few words about the Rh series. One of the Rh genes is usually written as rh (with a small "r.") The rh gene is recessive to all the other genes in the Rh series. Therefore, it is only when a person is homozygous for rh (that is, has two rh genes) that it can be detected. Such a person is said to be Rh-negative. A person with only one rh gene or none at all is Rh-positive.
Rh-negative blood is one type that can have a drastic effect on human health. (Remember, we said at the beginning of the chapter that there was one.) Sometimes a mother is Rh-negative and her unborn baby is Rh-positive (having inherited one of the other Rh genes from the father). When this happens, some of the baby's erythrocytes may be destroyed and other serious damage also results. Consequently, the baby will die before birth or very shortly after.
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