A Scandinavian Ethno-Archaeological Overview

[Frans_Jozef]

Scandinavia was colonized by two seperated waves of farmers, one during what the Swedes call the bondestenåldern or their Middle Stone Age and later the Boat Axt culture, the amalgation period(or:dagger age , see:http://images.google.se/images?q=fli...UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)which marks the end of the stone age just preceding the Bronze Age.
Both invading groups are claimed to be Indo-european and as such close or relatively distant affliated.

The older(low vaulted!) Vaestmanlandic population, named after the province Västmanland, it's not a proper heart land,
where the Västmanland type happens to be numerous, became in turn sentenced to retreat in refuge territories pushing ever more further away the outnumbered Paleo-Atlantids, the aboriginal post-glacial inhabitants, in remote enclosures...another way is to conceive this development, whereby the PA type during the previous millenia altered in the nuclear habitats his physiognomy more freely and while in farther outlying areas lesser intra-racial variability lead to a stronger preservation and aggravation of the ancestral traits(best explained by gene drift, Mayr' center-edge effect...);in a way, the Vaestmanlandic Nordic despite certain refinement and blondism is neither in morphology and probably metrical too strange to the Tydals(long arms+short legs,mesoprosopy,concaity...).

The Boat Axt people dont seem to have let a lasting biological effect on the Scandinavian population.
There's a link implied between Boat Axt and Troender type, due to the higher vault height, but since ortho -and hypsicephaly's pre-existence on the peninsula, its credentials are flawed, though maybe some it BA exerted some influence on Troender by enforcing and stabilizing its high-vaultedness?

[Frans_Jozef]

An interesting detail about head height in East Sweden concerns Svealand that until the sixteenth century contained a mostly high-vaulted population merging since recent times with the low-vaulted Västmanland.
Svealand and Götaland are Sweden's heartlands.
The Svealandic type corresponds with the Norwegian Troender, Lundman uses
Hälsingetyp after Hälsingland, a province in Lower Norland, but in the Middle Ages descriptive for the entire region, and tallies with the Boat Axt type and I would make the suggestion that unlike Troender, the Svealandic type represents a distinct racial group, nothwithstanding the relationship to Troender by the common denominator of the BA, but exclusively blended with the low-skulled indiginous Götalandics(devoid from any substantial Alpine influence until the Walloon migration); Troenders usuallyare perceived as a bi-polar stock of Nordics and *Alpines*, which makes no sense whatever insofar a real Alpine presence in Troendelag is absent, however, in the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages the northern coastal fringe of Norway has been populated by a high-mesocephalic, near-brachycephalic people of fishers and hunters with affinities to Borreby. When new settlers in the Iron Age arrived and replaced the older inhabitants in the fjord mouths, these *Borreby* retreated land inwards, jumped back over to the coast and the isles and forth due east, some went up north and met the Saami, others may have assimilated with the newcomers resulting in the Troender type.
Forssander and Stenberger assumed in review of the archaeological record that the BA came into Sweden from Finland(Aaland) and Estonia, there are also ties with the Fatjanovo culture.

[Frans_Jozef]

A Swedish historian and friend of mine confirmed by PM that while Swedes have no problems to single out a type from the northern and southern halve of the country respectively, the east-west distintion is another story, although North Sweden and East Sweden sustain a closer similiarity, probably this situation reflects the lesser Svealandic impact on the population of West Sweden.

Archaelogical finds though have brought evidence of a pattern of settlement moving from Western Gautland has towards the western edge of Eastern Gautland in the vicinity of Lake
Vättern.
This would help explain the composite burial rites in Eastern
Gautland during the Pre Roman and Early Roman Iron Age in opposite to the more general flat ground graves in Western Gautland.
Another parallelism occurs between Eastern Gautland and the early graves in
Finland and down towards the Weichsel mouth; later, during the late
1th and early 2nd AD, replaced by types originating from Western Sweden.
A last reminder:Götaland (at least its Western half) was settled first by UPs(Lundman's Paleo-Atlandid race (hunters from Britain via the now sunken North Sea Land) and eventually by the Götalandic race (agriculturists from Germany).

Attachments:

*The map profiles the geographical boundaries of Göta/Svea and
Göta/Västmanland/Hälsingland.

**Haelsingland type.

***Western Swedish type.

[Frans_Jozef]

(...);Troenders usually are perceived as a bi-polar stock of Nordics and *Alpines*, which makes no sense whatever insofar a real Alpine presence in Troendelag is absent, however, in the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages the northern coastal fringe of Norway has been populated by a high-mesocephalic, near-brachycephalic people of fishers and hunters with affinities to Borreby. When new settlers in the Iron Age arrived and replaced the older inhabitants in the fjord mouths, these *Borreby* retreated land inwards, jumped back over to the coast and the isles and forth due east, some went up north and met the Saami, others may have assimilated with the newcomers resulting in the Troender typ.

Stenberger refers the small groups dwelling on the Atlantic shores of Norway and in Norrland assurprisingly anachronistic in their cultural implements and fashion and brings them in line with the mesolithic fishing-hunting population.
While the old subsistence lived on unchallenged, the Middle Neolithic marks a slight turning-point with furriers coming in from the south and possibly opening a trading chaneel; however these people remained undisturbed by the wave of farming neolithics who never bothered to slide up farther north beyond Trondheim(Norway) and Dalarne(Sweden).

[Frans_Jozef]

The Landscape of Gallery Graves in Sweden(transformation of the neolithic landscapes):

http://www.hum.gu.se/ark/fou/ch/gallery_graves.pdf

[Frans_Jozef]

Stenberger refers the small groups dwelling on the Atlantic shores of Norway and in Norrland assurprisingly anachronistic in their cultural implements and fashion and brings them in line with the mesolithic fishing-hunting population.
While the old subsistence lived on unchallenged, the Middle Neolithic marks a slight turning-point with furriers coming in from the south and possibly opening a trading chaneel; however these people remained undisturbed by the wave of farming neolithics who never bothered to slide up farther north beyond Trondheim(Norway) and Dalarne(Sweden).

As said before, these Atlantic see-fishing communities descend from the mesolithic pioneers who about 9000BP migrated from the North Sea Land to the Norwegian coast strip, advancing further alongshore to occupy Finnmark and the Rybacky Pensinula.
Overland routes brought them to Northern Sweden in what today goes by as Lappish/Saami territory.
The scantity of the skeletal record suggests that these early pioneers remind the Alpinid race in appearance(proto-Strandids?); their culture is labeled Fosna Culture (ca.8000BC), after a major campsite discovered near Kristiansund on the west coast.

see also:
http://www.afs.org/partners/rus/event/rockart/sognn.htm

[Frans_Jozef]

On the chronology and regionality of Southern Norway's Stone Age:

http://www.au.dk/en/aj1999/aj99s100.pdf

[Frans_Jozef]

As said before, these Atlantic see-fishing communities descend from the mesolithic pioneers who about 9000BP migrated from the North Sea Land to the Norwegian coast strip, advancing further alongshore to occupy Finnmark and the Rybacky Pensinula.
Overland routes brought them to Northern Sweden in what today goes by as Lappish/Saami territory.
The scantity of the skeletal record suggests that these early pioneers remind the Alpinid race in appearance(proto-Strandids?); their culture is labeled Fosna Culture (ca.8000BC), after a major campsite discovered near Kristiansund on the west coast.

see also:
http://www.afs.org/partners/rus/event/rockart/sognn.htm

The Fosna people of southern and middle Norway, reaching up to Bohuslän, are partly the descendants of epipaleolithic reindeer hunters from the Parisian Basin(somehow thoughout the pre -and protohistory a kernel of brachycephaly) and Belgium, some of them probably by canoes embarked for England over Holland and the North Sea Land to Sweden (Skatmossen)where they give way to the Hensbackakultur which spread from the west coast into Vänern and the Älvdalen in North Dalarne.
There are signs of settlings from a shipborne nature, their campsites on the main land were tents with inside fire places, they had been sowing together by prickers and needles with a bent back using walrus and seal's skin, materials of which also cloths were manufactured.

Attached:
*Strandid type

**Reconstruction of Fosna type face

[Frans_Jozef]

An interesting detail about head height in East Sweden concerns Svealand that until the sixteenth century contained a mostly high-vaulted population merging since recent times with the low-vaulted Västmanland.
Svealand and Götaland are Sweden's heartlands.
The Svealandic type corresponds with the Norwegian Troender, Lundman uses
Hälsingetyp after Hälsingland, a province in Lower Norland, but in the Middle Ages descriptive for the entire region, and tallies with the Boat Axt type and I would make the suggestion that unlike Troender, the Svealandic type represents a distinct racial group, nothwithstanding the relationship to Troender by the common denominator of the BA, but exclusively blended with the low-skulled indiginous Götalandics(devoid from any substantial Alpine influence until the Walloon migration); Troenders usuallyare perceived as a bi-polar stock of Nordics and *Alpines*, which makes no sense whatever insofar a real Alpine presence in Troendelag is absent, however, in the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages the northern coastal fringe of Norway has been populated by a high-mesocephalic, near-brachycephalic people of fishers and hunters with affinities to Borreby. When new settlers in the Iron Age arrived and replaced the older inhabitants in the fjord mouths, these *Borreby* retreated land inwards, jumped back over to the coast and the isles and forth due east, some went up north and met the Saami, others may have assimilated with the newcomers resulting in the Troender type.
Forssander and Stenberger assumed in review of the archaeological record that the BA came into Sweden from Finland(Aaland) and Estonia, there are also ties with the Fatjanovo culture.

One of Scandinavia's greatest archeologists, Mårten Stenberger called in the sixties
great attention for a high-vaulted mesolithic skull finds up
there. He
stresses the fact that it's identical with the skull type of “the population that
seems
to have filled up the country in the latter stone age” , and what's very damaging to the consensus of delegating high skulls to foreign elements, since these mesolithics have been described as having a physical appearance comparable to that of the Boat Axe people in Scandinavia.

The sharp differentiation between West European low skulls and East European
high
skulls that Lundman makes such a big deal of occur presumingly not earlier than when the neolithic was bowing out, in casu the aforementioned dagger period and coincides with the apparition of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Europe; I pointed once out somewhere that the Corded Ware type was in the beginning only moderate high vaulted, but the lenght-height index increased under Bell Beaker and Danubian influence.
The high headed Battle
Axe/Corded Ware
type originally could have emerged in Northern Europe or while for many unthinkeable, even from the Scandinavian
peninsula.

[Frans_Jozef]

Scandinavia was colonized by two seperated waves of farmers, one during what the Swedes call the bondestenåldern or their Middle Stone Age and later the Boat Axt culture, the amalgation period(or:dagger age , see:http://images.google.se/images?q=fli...UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)which marks the end of the stone age just preceding the Bronze Age.
Both invading groups are claimed to be Indo-european and as such close or relatively distant affliated.

The older(low vaulted!) Vaestmanlandic population, named after the province Västmanland, it's not a proper heart land,
where the Västmanland type happens to be numerous, became in turn sentenced to retreat in refuge territories pushing ever more further away the outnumbered Paleo-Atlantids, the aboriginal post-glacial inhabitants, in remote enclosures...another way is to conceive this development, whereby the PA type during the previous millenia altered in the nuclear habitats his physiognomy more freely and while in farther outlying areas lesser intra-racial variability lead to a stronger preservation and aggravation of the ancestral traits(best explained by gene drift, Mayr' center-edge effect...);in a way, the Vaestmanlandic Nordic despite certain refinement and blondism is neither in morphology and probably metrical too strange to the Tydals(long arms+short legs,mesoprosopy,concaity...).

The Boat Axt people dont seem to have let a lasting biological effect on the Scandinavian population.
There's a link implied between Boat Axt and Troender type, due to the higher vault height, but since ortho -and hypsicephaly's pre-existence on the peninsula, its credentials are flawed, though maybe some it BA exerted some influence on Troender by enforcing and stabilizing its high-vaultedness?

An interesting detail about head height in East Sweden concerns Svealand that until the sixteenth century contained a mostly high-vaulted population merging since recent times with the low-vaulted Västmanland.
Svealand and Götaland are Sweden's heartlands.
The Svealandic type corresponds with the Norwegian Troender, Lundman uses
Hälsingetyp after Hälsingland, a province in Lower Norland, but in the Middle Ages descriptive for the entire region, and tallies with the Boat Axt type and I would make the suggestion that unlike Troender, the Svealandic type represents a distinct racial group, nothwithstanding the relationship to Troender by the common denominator of the BA, but exclusively blended with the low-skulled indiginous Götalandics(devoid from any substantial Alpine influence until the Walloon migration); Troenders usuallyare perceived as a bi-polar stock of Nordics and *Alpines*, which makes no sense whatever insofar a real Alpine presence in Troendelag is absent, however, in the Iron Age and Early Middle Ages the northern coastal fringe of Norway has been populated by a high-mesocephalic, near-brachycephalic people of fishers and hunters with affinities to Borreby. When new settlers in the Iron Age arrived and replaced the older inhabitants in the fjord mouths, these *Borreby* retreated land inwards, jumped back over to the coast and the isles and forth due east, some went up north and met the Saami, others may have assimilated with the newcomers resulting in the Troender type.
Forssander and Stenberger assumed in review of the archaeological record that the BA came into Sweden from Finland(Aaland) and Estonia, there are also ties with the Fatjanovo culture.

A Swedish historian and friend of mine confirmed by PM that while Swedes have no problems to single out a type from the northern and southern halve of the country respectively, the east-west distintion is another story, although North Sweden and East Sweden sustain a closer similiarity, probably this situation reflects the lesser Svealandic impact on the population of West Sweden.

Archaelogical finds though have brought evidence of a pattern of settlement moving from Western Gautland has towards the western edge of Eastern Gautland in the vicinity of Lake
Vättern.
This would help explain the composite burial rites in Eastern
Gautland during the Pre Roman and Early Roman Iron Age in opposite to the more general flat ground graves in Western Gautland.
Another parallelism occurs between Eastern Gautland and the early graves in
Finland and down towards the Weichsel mouth; later, during the late
1th and early 2nd AD, replaced by types originating from Western Sweden.
A last reminder:Götaland (at least its Western half) was settled first by UPs(Lundman's Paleo-Atlandid race (hunters from Britain via the now sunken North Sea Land) and eventually by the Götalandic race (agriculturists from Germany).

Stenberger refers the small groups dwelling on the Atlantic shores of Norway and in Norrland assurprisingly anachronistic in their cultural implements and fashion and brings them in line with the mesolithic fishing-hunting population.
While the old subsistence lived on unchallenged, the Middle Neolithic marks a slight turning-point with furriers coming in from the south and possibly opening a trading chaneel; however these people remained undisturbed by the wave of farming neolithics who never bothered to slide up farther north beyond Trondheim(Norway) and Dalarne(Sweden).

The old Atlantic see-fishing communities descend from the mesolithic pioneers who about 9000BP migrated from the North Sea Land to the Norwegian coast strip, advancing further alongshore to occupy Finnmark and the Rybacky Pensinula.
Overland routes brought them to Northern Sweden in what today goes by as Lappish/Saami territory.
The scantity of the skeletal record suggests that these early pioneers remind the Alpinid race in appearance(proto-Strandids?); their culture is labeled Fosna Culture (ca.8000BC), after a major campsite discovered near Kristiansund on the west coast.

The Fosna people of southern and middle Norway, reaching up to Bohuslän, are partly the descendants of epipaleolithic reindeer hunters from the Parisian Basin(somehow thoughout the pre -and protohistory a kernel of brachycephaly) and Belgium, some of them probably by canoes embarked for England over Holland and the North Sea Land to Sweden (Skatmossen)where they give way to the Hensbackakultur which spread from the west coast into Vänern and the Älvdalen in North Dalarne.
There are signs of settlings from a shipborne nature, their campsites on the main land were tents with inside fire places, they had been sowing together by prickers and needles with a bent back using walrus and seal's skin, materials of which also cloths were manufactured.

One of Scandinavia's greatest archeologists, Mårten Stenberger calls great attention for a high-vaulted mesolithic skull finds up there. He
stresses the fact that it's identical with the skull type of “the population that seems to have filled up the country in the latter stone age” , and what's very damaging to the consensus of delegating high skulls to foreign elements, since these mesolithics have been described as having a physical appearance comparable to that of the Boat Axe people in Scandinavia.

The sharp differentiation between West European low skulls and East European high skulls that Lundman makes such a big deal of occur presumingly not earlier than when the neolithic was bowing out, in casu the aforementioned dagger period and coincides with the apparition of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Europe; I pointed once out somewhere that the Corded Ware type was in the beginning only moderate high vaulted, but the lenght-height index increased under Bell Beaker and Danubian influence.
The high headed Battle Axe/Corded Ware type originally could have emerged in Northern Europe or while for many unthinkeable, even from the Scandinavian peninsula...